Title: Analysis of New Education Policy 2020 Changes
Abstract
The objective of this study is to undertake a detailed analysis of the changes made under New Education Policy 2020. This study evaluates the 5+3+3+4 structure formation of the education system. The New Education Policy (NEP) 2020 was approved by the Union Cabinet on 29th July 2020. It has presented specific new measures in the education system of India and replaced the earlier Education Policies. The first change in Education policy was made in 1968 and afterward in 1986 with a little revision in 1992. Now, after 34 years, our education policy has been changed. Although the factors which are important to ensure a well-rounded education are numerous and varied in nature, this research looks into the strategy pitfalls and efficiency of NEP 2020. This study recognizes four significant parts of the system – course, language, students and teachers, for advanced education. In the process of analysing the efficacy of this model, the larger question it addresses relates to the benefits. The methodology for assessing the policy is through analysing the data which is downloaded from the Ministry of Human Resource Development (MHRD) site and conducting interviews with different practitioners in the field. It was seen that the majority of individuals think about the policy as a positive and inviting step.
Introduction
Education is one of the key elements that bring development and progress into society. The more educated individuals, the more advantageous to society. This reality builds the significance of education and encourages the government to put resources into education more than previously. We get knowledge, ability, strategy making techniques and information which empowers us to know our rights and obligations towards our country and society. Education extends the vision towards the world. An educated individual can fight for injustice, brutality, corruption etc. Since freedom, India has consistently focused on developing education in both rural and urban regions.
Education in ancient India was meant for complete acknowledgment and freedom of oneself. The Indian education system created extraordinary Scholars like Aryabhata, Charaka, Susruta, Bhaskaracharya and a lot more. Their insight in the field of science, astronomy, mathematics, yoga and life science and many more are extinguished. The government has formed a new education policy by focusing on these points. It has tried to revive the basic beliefs, thoughts and core values of the ancient value system of India which were ignored by earlier education policies. In 2009, the Right to Education was brought into effect in India, which mandated free and compulsory education for children between the ages of 6-14. The NEP 2020 imagines an India-focused education system that contributes straightforwardly to changing our country reasonably into an even-handed and energetic information society, by giving top-notch education to all. It has come into existence at the most difficult times when we are facing a pandemic which we have not seen in over 100 years. However, Subramanian began the counsel interaction for the New Education Policy, yet in light of the Committee report, in June 2017, the draft NEP was submitted in 2019 by a board driven by previous Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO) Chief Krishnaswamy Kasturirangan. The govt. of India runs many projects to upgrade essential and advanced education in India. In 2005, the National Curriculum system was presented for the planning of NCERT course books. Following 34 years on July 29, the Union Cabinet headed by the Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi supported another approach with an expectation to acquire insurgency in our education framework. The New Education Policy 2020 puts forth for itself the objective of rebuilding the education system to meet the prerequisites of 21st century India. The rich legacy of old Indian knowledge has been a light for this approach. The quest for data, truth and shrewdness is normally considered as the most noteworthy human objective in the Indian way of thinking.
Changes made under New Education Policy 2020
Implementation of 5+3+3+4 Structure
5+3+3+4 education structure is introduced for the ages 3-8, 8-11, 11-14, and 14-18 years individually. There will be 12 years of schooling with three years of Anganwadi/pre-tutoring. More emphazie on vocational training while discontinuing MPhil.
Language
A major change in new education policy has taken place at school and college level. Mother tongue or regional language will be the language of medium at least up to Grade 5. Also, no student will be forced to shift to a regional language from English as a medium of instruction. States, institutions, and schools are free to decide on the implementation of language. As per NEP, regional language is just a suggestion, not mandatory.
E-courses will be made accessible in regional languages: Technology is essential for educating, learning, appraisal, instructor, school, college and student education. The e-content will be accessible in regional languages especially in 8 languages – Kannada, Odia, Bengali etc.
Course
There will be credit-based courses and activities in environmental and value-based education. Environmental education will incorporate regions, for example, environmental change in climate, sterilization, preservation of organic variety, the management of natural assets and biodiversity, forest and wildlife protection and conservation. Value based Education will incorporate the improvement of humanistic, moral, Constitutional, and general human upsides. A science student can learn subjects of arts or humanities.
Students will have various choices to enter and leave the course in between with a certificate. Their credits will be moved through Academic Bank of Credits. A college degree will be of three or four years. One can leave or enter the degree course any time.
· a degree will be provided after the student finishes 3 years of study,
· a diploma certificate after the student finishes two years of study,
· a certificate after the student completes one year of study
The scores will be kept in an Academic Bank of Credit. The organizations will count the credit toward the end and put it at the level of the student. This will be useful for those people who may need to leave the course mid-way. Yet again they can begin the course later on.
Changes made under New Education Policy 2020 for College Education
• Single Administrative Body
Higher Education Commission of India (HECI) would be the single administrative body for higher education, excluding legal and medical education. AICTE and UGC, NAAC etc. universities will be merged or replaced by another administration. Academic and Funding parts will be isolated from the education sector. HECI will have no monetary powers. The Ministry of Education will take care of the funding process. Earlier the funding process was handled by UGC. The Ministry of Human Resource Development (MHRD) will be known as the Ministry of Education.
A Higher Education Council of India (HECI) will be set up to control and regulate higher education. The main objective of the council will be to expand the gross enrolment ratio.
The HECI will have 4 institutional structures:
| HECI Structure | |
| National Higher Education Regulatory Council (NHERC) | Guidelines |
| General Education Council (GEC) | Standard-Setting |
| Higher Education Grants Council (HEGC) | Subsidizing |
| National Accreditation Council (NAC) | Accrediting |
School administration is set to change, with another independent authorization system to direct both public and private schools.
• Use of Technology
Tech-based choice for grown-up learning through applications, TV channels: Quality innovation-based choices for grown-up learning, for example, apps, online courses/modules, satellite-based TV channels, online books, and ICT-prepared libraries and Adult Education Centres, and so on will be created.
• Internationalization of Education
Foreign universities will be allowed to open campuses in India and Indian Universities are also allowed to set up campuses anywhere in the world. As per the HRD Ministry document, the foreign universities will be given unique and special administration in regards to administration, regulatory, content standards and governance; comparable to other independent institutions of India. It will provide top-notch education at a lower level without voyaging to different nations for study and occupation possibilities. As per the different worldwide reviews, cross-line education is helpful for the economy and brings a more extensive degree of worldwide mindfulness, socially insightful and specialization.
• NTA Testing Administration
NTA will be a premier and independent testing organization. It will conduct Common Entrance tests for all higher education establishments such as UG, graduate admissions and fellowships in Higher Education institutes. It will be an optional exam. The excellence, reach, and adaptability of the NTA testing administrations will empower most colleges to utilize these normal admission tests – rather than having many colleges each concocting their own entrance tests. It will definitely decrease the weight on students, colleges and universities, and the whole education system. It will be the sole decision of colleges and universities to use NTA tests for their admissions.
• Affiliated Colleges to Independent Institutions
With proper accreditations, Autonomous degree-giving Colleges could turn into Research-concentrated or Teaching-intensive Universities. The declaration of setting up Multidisciplinary Education and Research Universities (MERUs) in the nation gives more expectations. These establishments will be at standard with the current IITs and IIMs and will intend to feature multidisciplinary education for the Indian students.
• Human Values and Multidisciplinary Education
The goal of NEP 2020 is to develop scholarly, social, aesthetic, intellectual, physical, passionate, and moral qualities of human beings in an integrated manner. It will develop all-rounder that have 21st century capabilities in the fields of languages, social sciences, arts, humanities, sociologies, sciences, technical, professional and vocational fields; an ethic of social commitment; soft skills abilities, like correspondence, conversation and debate; and specialization in a picked field or fields. The NEP 2020 imagines one huge multidisciplinary Higher Education Institution (HEI) in or close to each area, by 2030.
Changes made under New Education Policy 2020 for School Education
· The universalization of education will be done from preschool to secondary level. It aims to achieve the 100 percent Gross Enrolment Ratio (GER) in the school education system by 2030. 2 crore younger students will be brought back into the standard learning through an open schooling framework.
· Class 10 and 12 board assessments to be made more straightforward, to test abilities rather than memorizing, with all students to take the exam two times i.e., the semester system from 9th to 12th. The 10th board is closed.
· There will be flexible division between academic streams, extracurricular, professional or vocational streams in schools.
· Professional i.e., vocational Education will begin from Class 6 with Internships.
· The assessment process is reformed with 360-degree Holistic Progress Card, following Student Progress for accomplishing Learning Outcomes.
Changes made under New Education Policy 2020 for Teacher
A new National Curriculum Framework for Teacher Education (NCFTE) 2021, will be planned by the National Council for Teacher Education (NCTE) with regard to the National Council of Educational Research and Training (NCERT). By 2030, the base degree for teaching will be a 4-year coordinated B.Ed. degree.
Other Changes made under New Education Policy 2020
An independent body, the National Educational Technology Forum (NETF), will be made to give a stage to the free exchange of thoughts on the utilization of innovation to improve learning, evaluation, administration and planning.
Public Assessment Centre-‘PARAKH’ has been made to evaluate the students.
New Education Policy 2020 Pitfalls
· Class 6 is very early for students to get into various disciplines.
· Absence of admittance to HE, particularly in socio-monetarily underdeveloped regions which brought about the current gross enrolment ratio (GER) of 25%.
· Absence of educator and institutional independence to make innovation in HE to attract students.
· Lacking systems for progression of professionals such as educators, faculty and institutional pioneers.
· Most of the colleges and universities lack innovation and research.
· A corrupted administrative framework permitting counterfeit colleges to flourish while obliging incredible and innovative institutions.
· A student can take a break from the current course and can opt for another course. Afterwards, he can come back for an earlier course. What’s about the institution? Will they allow such movements?
· At present, CBSE gives choices to choose the different subject combination after 10th. But a student has to choose the subject combination as given by the school. How can the language and course policy be properly applied?
Suggestions
NEP 2020 emphazises developing critical thinking in students. The curriculum should be reframed. The faculty should be trained as per the new curriculum. The textbooks should also be edited.
The aim of NEP 2020 is to bring back 2 crore children in the school. To complete this task, the government needs to set up around 10 schools daily.
The internet connectivity in rural areas is poor and nearly absent. Developing digital tools is not enough. The government should work to develop basic infrastructure.
Conclusion Education will be engaged with the dematerialization and digitalization of economies, which requires a totally new ability to keep up. This is a significantly more crucial perquisite now, with the pattern towards digitalization and troublesome mechanization being arisen by the pandemic. NEP 2020 presents changes and chances. It has also given the choices. The main focus of education policy is to create experts with Indian values. Education is only meant for having grades, certificates and employment. NEP 2020 looks an extremely moderate policy, with a solid handle on the current financial scene and the possibility of future vulnerability. Furthermore, the NEP 2020 prepares ahead for some youthful hopeful students to be outfitted with the right range of abilities. The new training strategy has a commendable vision; however, its solidarity will rely upon implementation and whether it can actually incorporate with the other projects of the government like Digital India, Skill India and the New Industrial Policy. We will have to wait and watch to get results. Powerful and time-bound execution will make it genuinely way breaking